A systematic review of peer support interventions to improve psychosocial functioning among cancer survivors: can findings be translated to survivors with a rare cancer living rurally?

Background: This study aimed to (1) summarise research on the impact of peer support interventions aimed at improving psychosocial functioning among cancer survivors, and (2) identify key components for developing a support intervention for patients with a rare cancer living in rural, regional or remote areas.

Methods: A comprehensive search of EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library identified papers that examined peer support interventions: (i) for rare cancer patients, or (ii) for those living in rural, regional or remote locations, or (iii) that provided support online or via telehealth. After screening, data on study characteristics, intervention components and impact on psychosocial functioning were extracted. Quality assessment was conducted, and findings were synthesised narratively.

Results: A total of 23 unique studies were included, primarily exploring peer support for middle-aged females with a breast cancer diagnosis. Interventions were online or telephone-based, targeting a range of psychosocial outcomes with significant improvements found for coping abilities and loneliness. The most impactful interventions involved online, group formats facilitated by healthcare professionals. There were limited data on rare cancers and rural populations.

Conclusions: Few studies have explored peer support interventions for those diagnosed with a rare cancer living in rural, regional or remote areas. Evidence shows mixed impact on psychosocial functioning for cancer survivors, yet promising elements of peer support that can be translated to rare cancer patients living in rural, regional or remote areas.