IL-13 as well as IL-4 induces monocytes/macrophages and a monoblastic cell line (UG3) to differentiate into multinucleated giant cells in the presence of M-CSF

Abstract

The formation of multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) from monocytes/macrophages is controlled by various cytokines whose crucial roles are not fully understood. In this study, we found that interleukin (IL)-13 as well as IL-4 induced peripheral blood monocytes (PBMs) and monoblastic cell line, UG3, to differentiate into MGCs in the presence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), while IL-2, IL-7 or IL-10 did not. The presence of M-CSF was essential to this MGC formation, because IL-3 or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) could not replace M-CSF. IL-4 and IL-13 have been known to inhibit the formation of osteoclast-like cells in the presence of stroma cells or osteoblastic cells. But in our system without stroma cells, IL-4 or IL-13 induced some of characteristics of osteoclasts such as tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity, vitronectin receptor (vit-R) expression and resorptive activity for hydroxyapatite, but not the expression of receptors for parathyroid hormone or calcitonin. These results suggest possible involvement of IL-4 and IL-13 in MGCs and osteoclasts development, and UG3 may be useful to further investigate the roles of IL-4 and IL-13 in the formation and physiology of MGCs, and the relationship between these MGCs and osteoclasts.