Risk factors for intestinal microsporidiosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection: a case-control study

J Infect Dis. 1998 Sep;178(3):904-7. doi: 10.1086/515353.

Abstract

A prospective unmatched case-control study was conducted to determine risk factors for intestinal microsporidiosis in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who had < or = 200 CD4 cells/mm3. In multivariate analysis, case-patients (n = 30) were more likely than were control-subjects (n = 56) to have < or = 100 CD4 cells/mm3 (odds ratio [OR], 6.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1-42), to report male homosexual preference (OR, 7.6; 95% CI, 1-59.5), and to report swimming in a pool in the previous 12 months (OR, 9.2; 95% CI, 2.1-38.9). In summary, intestinal microsporidiosis in persons with HIV infection and < or = 200/mm3 CD4 cells is associated with male homosexuality and swimming in pools, suggesting fecal-oral transmission, including sexual and waterborne routes.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / blood
  • AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / parasitology
  • AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / transmission*
  • Adult
  • Animals
  • CD4 Lymphocyte Count
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic / blood
  • Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic / parasitology
  • Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic / transmission*
  • Male
  • Microsporida* / classification
  • Microsporida* / isolation & purification
  • Microsporidiosis / blood
  • Microsporidiosis / parasitology
  • Microsporidiosis / transmission*
  • Middle Aged
  • Prospective Studies
  • Risk Factors