Abstract
Most studies on the control of cytokine gene expression have involved the functional analysis of proximal promoters. Recent work has identified distal elements that mediate long-range cytokine gene regulation and has implicated chromatin reorganization in regulation of cytokine gene loci. These studies have begun to elucidate the basis for cell-specificity and high-level expression of cytokine genes.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
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Review
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Cytokines / biosynthesis
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Cytokines / genetics*
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DNA Methylation
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DNA-Binding Proteins / physiology
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Enhancer Elements, Genetic
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Gene Expression Regulation / physiology*
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Genes
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Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / biosynthesis
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Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / genetics
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Humans
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Interferon-gamma / biosynthesis
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Interferon-gamma / genetics
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Interleukins / biosynthesis
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Interleukins / genetics
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Models, Genetic
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Models, Immunological
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Promoter Regions, Genetic
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Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / immunology
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Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid
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Signal Transduction
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T-Lymphocyte Subsets / immunology
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T-Lymphocyte Subsets / metabolism
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T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / immunology
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T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / metabolism*
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Transcription Factors / physiology
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Transcription, Genetic / physiology*
Substances
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Cytokines
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DNA-Binding Proteins
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Interleukins
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Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell
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Transcription Factors
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Interferon-gamma
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Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor