Scanning tunnelling microscopy observation of cytochrome-c denaturation induced by bromopyrogal red on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite

Int J Biol Macromol. 1997 Oct;21(3):251-61. doi: 10.1016/s0141-8130(97)00073-1.

Abstract

The denaturation of cytochrome-c (cyt-c) induced by bromopyrogal red (BPR) was studied by scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) on the electrochemically pretreated highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface. STM images reveal that denatured cyt-c molecules exist in variable states including aggregates, globular compact, partially unfolded and combined with BPR molecule. The apparently low image contrast of denatured cyt-c observed in this experiment comparing to that of native cyt-c molecules, and the relative low image contrast of the unfolded part comparing with the compact globular part, are ascribed to the unfavourable tunnelling paths for the conformational variations of denatured cyt-c molecules.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Coloring Agents*
  • Cytochrome c Group / chemistry*
  • Cytochrome c Group / metabolism
  • Electrochemistry
  • Enzymes, Immobilized / chemistry
  • Enzymes, Immobilized / metabolism
  • Graphite*
  • Horses
  • Microscopy, Scanning Tunneling
  • Protein Denaturation
  • Pyrogallol / analogs & derivatives*
  • Surface Properties

Substances

  • Coloring Agents
  • Cytochrome c Group
  • Enzymes, Immobilized
  • bromopyrogal red
  • Pyrogallol
  • pyrogallol sulfonphthalein
  • Graphite