A 47-year-old man experienced multifocal mononeuropathy and putative ganglionopathy associated with influenza B infection, characterized by aching and dysesthesia in the right arm and left leg with normal deep sense. He displayed muscle atrophy in the affected limbs, which might have resulted from local myositis or a disorder similar to neuralgic amyotrophy. Sural nerve biopsy revealed a severe loss of unmyelinated and thinly myelinated fibres, consistent with a small fibre neuropathy, without evidence of angiopathy or inflammation. We could not detect any other cause of the neuropathy except influenza B. In this case, it may be inferred that small-diameter neurons in the dorsal root ganglia and thinly- or nonmyelinated fibres were selectively involved through a post-infectious immune process. To our knowledge, small fibre neuropathy following influenza B has never been reported.