This study investigated the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in various laryngeal epithelial hyperplastic lesions using the Kambic classification from simple hyperplasia to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. For detection of HPV infection polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with 3 different HPV consensus primer sets and in situ hybridization were used. The presence of the HPV DNA was detected in only 2 of the 88 specimens tested: HPV type 6 was detected in 1 case of simple hyperplasia and HPV type 16 in 1 case of invasive squamous cell carcinoma. In conclusion, our study suggests that most laryngeal epithelial hyperplastic lesions are not associated with HPV infection and that other pathogenic mechanisms are more important in the etiology of these lesions.