There has been a great growth in the biophysical knowledge base of the human masticatory system, which increases the chances of success in numerical and experimental modeling of the oral environment. The chief advances in understanding are in the areas of the dentino-enamel complex, the force-movement cycle of the mandible, mastication, comminution and salivary lubrication. These areas are reviewed, and suggested average clinical conditions are offered as a starting point for experiments in laboratory clinical simulation as it relates to the studies in biomaterials and biomechanics in dental research.