Of 1,295 patients with tuberculosis who were admitted in 33 Japanese national sanatoriums from September to October, 1994, actual investigation of patients with persistent expectorate tubercle bacilli continuously for more than 12 months was carried out by questionnaire. From the result, numbers of patients who had persistently expectorated bacteria were 85 (6.6% of inpatient). The rate of male and female was 3:1, and mean age was 63.5 years old. Many slim type patients (less than 90% of the standard body weight) were observed at the rate of 55.8%. The rate of the inpatient whose admission period was for more than 10 years were found in 22%. The past history of the tuberculosis and surgical therapy were existent at the rate of 83.3% and 18.8% respectively. The chief complications such as diabetes mellitus (12.4%), pyothorax (10.1%), alcoholism (10.1%) and hepatic dysfunction (6.7%) were observed at the respective rate. As chest X-ray findings on admission, severe cases with cavity of I or II 3 by the classification of the Japanese society for tuberculosis were found in 32.2%, and many cases with much amount persistently excreted bacteria such as more than number 7 of Gaffky scale (24.7%) or 3+ by culture (55.8%) were detected by sputum-test on admission. From the result drug-resistance, resistance of the main drugs early found from initial medication, and high degree resistance of isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH; 80%), rifampicin (RFP; 94.4%), ethambutol (EB; 85.6%) and streptomycin (SM; 76.4%) was found. As intractable causes which were indicated by doctor in charge, drug-resistance, drug allergy, disorder of life, unfavorable medication-compliance and unsuitable treatment were considered.