This paper encompasses the prediction of early and late recovery from traumatic brain injury (TBI). Predictors of the duration of coma and the utilization of posttraumatic amnesia duration to predict residual memory function are discussed. The issues surrounding prediction of long-term neurobehavioral recovery from TBI are considered, particularly the patient and clinical variables that are related to intellectual recovery. Findings from the NIH Traumatic Coma Data are reviewed pertaining to testability as a criterion for outcome. In addition to discussing the relationship of specific neurologic indices of TBI as predictors, the results obtained using a regression model are summarized. Finally, the relationship of neuroimaging findings to neurobehavioral outcome is discussed including directions for future research.