The clinical features, brain computerized tomography (CT) scans and cardiological findings of nine patients with neurotrichinosis are reviewed. Neurological signs consisted of encephalopathy and focal deficits with small hypodensities in the cortex and white matter, detected by the CT scans. Various cardiovascular events were also observed in eight out of nine patients. They were usually concomitant with neurological symptoms and mainly consisted of myocardial injury as assessed by electrocardiographic and plasma creatine phosphokinase (CPK)-MB isoenzyme changes. The cardio-neurological syndrome developed early in the course of the disease at a time of marked hypereosinophilia and the percentage of patients with eosinophilia > or = 4000 mm3 was significantly higher in the patients with neurological dysfunction than in those without neurological signs. We selected the following criteria to describe the distinctive cardio-neurological syndrome related to trichinosis: (i) early onset of neurological symptoms (within a few days) after the first general symptoms; (ii) central nervous system involvement consisting of both diffuse encephalopathy and focal neurological deficits, usually of simultaneous onset; (iii) concomitant acute myocardial injury and/or infarction; (iv) marked hypereosinophilia (> or = 4000/mm3) at time of first cardio-neurological events; (v) brain CT scan showing small hypodensities in the hemispheric white matter or cortex. Post-mortem examination of one patient revealed ischaemic lesions with multiple arteriolar microthrombi in the brain and myocardium. This was consistent with the brain CT scan and electrocardiographic data and suggested that neurotrichinosis is an expression of a multi-organ disorder associated with hypereosinophilia, that is characterized in most patients by simultaneous neurological and myocardial manifestations basically related to ischaemia.