Direct evidence about the effects of antihypertensive treatment on vascular disease in older patients is available from five randomized trials conducted exclusively in patients over the age of 60 years. These trials involved a total of 12,483 individuals with systolic or diastolic hypertension (mean age = 72 years, mean entry blood pressure = 181/88 mmHg). Over an average follow-up period of 4.7 years, a 15/6 mmHg difference in blood pressure between study and control groups was achieved. Among those patients assigned active treatment, stroke incidence was reduced by 34% SD6 and coronary heart disease incidence was reduced by 19% SD7. These proportional reductions were of similar size to those observed in trials in predominantly younger patients. However, the absolute benefits observed in older patients were more than twice as great as those observed in younger patients. The results suggest that over 10 years, treatment would prevent at least one major vascular event among every 10 elderly patients at similar risk to those enrolled in the trials.