The purpose of this investigation was to determine if parental substance abuse places children at a higher risk regarding their own substance abuse, illegal activities, and psychological functioning. An intake assessment was conducted with 299 crack smokers currently undergoing treatment. It revealed that clients with a parental history of substance abuse were at over twice the risk for antisocial personality disorders, had been arrested significantly more times as an adult, were more likely to report illicit drug use in the past year, and had received prior treatment more often than clients without a parental history of substance abuse. Surprisingly, no relationship was observed between parental history of substance abuse and preadult behaviors including age-of-onset of drug use, childhood conduct disorders, age at first antisocial behavior, or number of arrests before age 18. Future prevention and treatment efforts with similar populations should recognize the strong influence of the family in the development of substance abuse.