The authors studied DNA content in a case of small cell carcinoma with hypercalcemia. This tumor exhibited typical clinical, histological, immuno-histochemical, ultrastructural and biological patterns. DNA content was measured both by flow and image cytometry performed on unfixed tumoral samples. The proliferation index was 10%. These results are similar to those of the literature obtained retrospectively from 10% formalin fixed tissues. The DNA content is a clue to distinguish this entity from other small cell carcinomas of the ovary because immunohistochemical findings are not always informative. The diagnosis of small cell carcinoma of hypercalcemic type should be questioned if DNA content is abnormal.