During the time 1989 to 1992 we collected PAP smears of 58 women before and several times after a liver transplantation. Five of the patients (= 8.6%) showed a suspicious PAP smear, although pre-transplantation they had a normal cervical cytology. Histological one woman even had a higher grade dysplasia. 30 women received FK 506 after the liver transplantation, 28 patients Cyclosporin A as long-term medication. Likewise kidney and liver transplanted women have a higher risk to be affected by a cervical neoplasia. A acceleration of malignant growth seems to be likely. The influence on the cervical cells of both immunosuppressive drugs Cyclosporin A (Sandimmun) and FK 506 seem to be similar. It should be recommended to perform a close-meshed cervical cytology control when following -up the female liver transplant recipients.