Patients with endoscopic diagnosis of gastric and/or duodenal ulcers who eventually had endoscopic confirmation of ulcer healing after any anti-ulcer medication were entered in a 3 year study to determine ulcer recurrence rate, onset of ulcer recurrence and factors associated with ulcer recurrence. Patients from two participating centres who are not on any maintenance treatment had endoscopic examinations at 3, 6 and 12 months after ulcer healing or at any time of symptom recurrence. There were 144 patients entered into the study. The 1 year recurrence rate observed among 125 Filipino patients who completed the study was 73% wherein 71% occurred within the first six months. This was comparable with those reported in the world literature. Thirty-three per cent of those with recurrent ulcers were asymptomatic. The difference in the recurrence rate between gastric and duodenal ulcers was not statistically significant. The only risk factors found to be associated with ulcer relapse were history of smoking and alcohol intake. CLO test for Helicobacter pylori done in 45 patients with recurrent ulcers were all positive, suggesting a strong association between H. pylori and ulcer recurrence.