We have evaluated the incidence of infection in patients with kidney transplant, their effect on graft function and on patient outcome. Factors important for the development of infections in the post-transplant course in this group of patients have been analyzed, as well as factors affecting graft and patient survival. The prevention of infection is the main aim in this patient population, as every episode of clinical infection requiring treatment carries the potential for lethal consequences, and every effort should be made to assure appropriate screening of the prospective renal recipient.