Hemoglobin Pitie-Salpetriere was detected by routine isoelectric focusing. It moved up on isoelectric focusing between hemoglobin A and hemoglobin F, near Hb F. On cellulose acetate strips at pH 8.6, it moved as hemoglobin A. This new variant exhibits a high oxygen affinity associated with familial erythrocytosis. The valine residue in position beta 34 has been replaced by a phenylalanine residue. This residue is involved in the alpha 1 beta 1 contact.