The Authors report a case of neurofibroma of the tongue, observed by them. Its peculiarities and the differential diagnosis with neurinoma and other affections are discussed, mostly pointing out its rarity, epidemiological data and histogenesis. After a review of the literature concerning these forms, the Authors dwell upon the histopathologic characters of neurofibroma, the peculiarities of the case reported by them, considering the real rareness of an isolated report of neurofibroma, typical element of Recklinghausen's disease.