This study aimed to examine shifts in the cost-savings threshold of a rural syringe services program (SSP) that resulted in the 12-months following the identification of the COVID-19 pandemic. We compared SSP operational costs during the 12-months immediately before and after identification of the COVID-19 pandemic using administrative data from the Cabell-Huntington Harm Reduction Program (CHHRP), which is operated by the Cabell-Huntington Health Department in West Virginia. Data included monthly counts of client encounters, sterile syringe distribution, and HIV testing. Cost-savings threshold analyses were conducted to estimate the number of HIV infections that would have to be averted for the CHHRP to be cost-saving in the 12-months before and after the identification of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the 12-months following identification of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a 13.6% reduction in the number of client encounters and a 69.3% reduction in the number of HIV tests administered at the CHHRP. From the healthcare perspective, in the 12-months before and after the pandemic, the CHHRP cost $190,151 and $116,727, respectively. The number of averted HIV infections required for the CHHRP to be cost-saving was less than one across both time periods and for all estimates of lifetime HIV-related medical costs. There were shifts in the operational costs at the CHHRP after the identification of the COVID-19 pandemic; however, the costs of providing harm reduction services were significantly less than lifetime HIV treatment costs for a single person. Increasing investments in harm reduction is essential for eliminating HIV transmission.
Keywords: COVID-19; Cost savings; Injection drug use; People who inject drugs; Syringe services program.
© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.