Objective: To explore the distribution characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) antibody detection data in hospital, provide data reference for the prevention and control of MP infections. Methods: A single-center retrospective study was conducted on 20 639 patients with suspected Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection from March 2017 to February 2024 at the outpatient, emergency, and inpatient departments of Peking University Third Hospital. The age range was from 0 to 105 years, with 11 286 males and 9 353 females. The passive agglutination method was used to detect MP antibodies in patient serum, and SPSS 22.0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis. The χ2 test was used to analyze the differences in positive rates of MP antibodies among different genders, age groups, seasons, years, and antibody titers. The trend χ2 test was used to analyze the trend of detection rates with age changes. Results: Among the 20 639 patients, the positive rate of MP antibodies was 23.19%(4 786/20 639), with a higher positive rate in females was 27.16%(2 540/9 353) compared to males (19.90%, 2 246/11 286;χ²=151.191, P<0.01). The positive rate in children was 37.13%(2 731/7 356)significantly higher than in adults(15.47%, 2 055/13 283;χ²=1 246.433, P<0.01). The 6 to <12 year age group (63.11%, 1 223/1 938) had the highest positive rate of MP antibodies, followed by 12 to <18 year old group (56.78%, 385/678). The positive rate of MP antibodies increased with age from 0 to 12 years old but gradually decreased after 12 to <18 years old (χ2=3 848.393, P trend<0.01). The annual MP antibody positivity rates from 2017 to 2023 were 26.92%, 29.23%, 27.46%, 18.43%, 17.16%, 11.89%, and 23.72%, respectively, with statistically significant differences among the years (χ²=387.519, P<0.01). The MP antibody positive rate was high in autumn over the course of 7 years (χ²=242.560, P<0.01). The positive rates of MP antibodies for the years 2017-2019, 2020-2022, and 2023-2024 are (28.00%, 16.60%, 21.84%), respectively, with statistically significant differences among the three periods(χ²=295.845, P<0.01).The monthly positive rates of MP antibody in different years were (5.63% to 43.11%). In the MP antibody titer, qualitative testing was conducted on 4 563 patients and 16 076 patients had a semi-quantitative MP antibody titer of ≥1∶160 with a positive rate of 16.03%(2 577/16 076). Among the proportion of children with high titers of MP antibodies ≥1∶1 280 was 11.11%(798/7 182). Conclusion: The positive rates of MP antibodies in hospital in the Beijing area vary among different genders, ages, and seasons, with a higher incidence in autumn, mainly among children and adolescents.
目的： 探讨医院肺炎支原体（MP）抗体检测数据分布特征，为防控MP感染提供数据参考。 方法： 采用单中心回顾性研究，选取2017年3月至2024年2月，在北京大学第三医院门急诊和住院疑似MP感染患者20 639例，年龄范围为0~105岁，其中男性11 286例，女性9 353例。应用被动凝集法检测患者血清中MP抗体，应用SPSS 22.0统计软件进行统计分析，运用χ2检验分析不同性别、不同年龄组、不同季节、不同年份及抗体滴度分布中MP抗体阳性率之间的差异，采用趋势χ2检验分析检出率随年龄的变化趋势。 结果： 20 639例患者中MP抗体阳性率为23.19%（4 786/20 639），女性MP抗体阳性率为27.16%（2 540/9 353）高于男性的MP抗体阳性率（19.90%，2 246/11 286；χ2=151.191，P<0.01）。儿童MP抗体阳性率为37.13%（2 731/7 356）显著高于成人的MP抗体阳性率（15.47%，2 055/13 283；χ2=1 246.433，P<0.01）。其中6~<12岁MP抗体阳性率最高（63.11%，1 223/1 938），其次是12~<18岁MP抗体阳性率（56.78%，385/678），MP抗体阳性率0~<12岁随年龄增长而增长，12~<18岁后呈逐渐降低的趋势（χ2=3 848.393，P趋势<0.01）。2017—2023年度MP抗体阳性率依次为（26.92%、29.23%、27.46%、18.43%、17.16%、11.89%、23.72%），各年度差异有统计学意义（χ2=387.519，P<0.01）；7年间MP抗体阳性率秋季高发（χ2=242.560，P<0.01）；2017—2019年、2020—2022年、2023—2024年MP抗体阳性率分别为（28.00%、16.60%、21.84%），三组间差异有统计学意义（χ2=295.845，P<0.01）。不同年度间MP抗体的月阳性率为（5.63%~43.11%）。在MP抗体滴度中，4 563例进行了定性检测，16 076例半定量MP抗体滴度≥1∶160的阳性率为16.03%（2 577/16 076），其中儿童MP抗体滴度≥1∶1 280的高滴度占比为11.11%（798/7 182）。 结论： 北京地区的医院MP抗体阳性率在不同性别、年龄和季节间存在差异，秋季高发以儿童和青少年为主。.