Social functioning and frontal alpha asymmetry in schizophrenia

Emily A Farina; Michal Assaf; Silvia Corbera; Jimmy Choi; Christine Yantz; Chi-Ming Chen

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.01.006

Social functioning and frontal alpha asymmetry in schizophrenia

J Psychiatr Res. 2025 Jan 7:182:74-82. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.01.006. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Emily A Farina¹, Michal Assaf², Silvia Corbera³, Jimmy Choi², Christine Yantz⁴, Chi-Ming Chen⁴

Affiliations

¹ Yale University School of Medicine and the Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, 406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020, Storrs, CT, USA. Electronic address: Emily.Farina@yale.edu.
² Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Hartford Hospital, 400 Washington Street, Hartford, CT, USA.
³ Department of Psychological Science, Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, CT, USA.
⁴ Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, 406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020, Storrs, CT, USA.

PMID: 39799666
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.01.006

Abstract

Background: Schizophrenia (SZ) is a psychiatric disorder that often involves reduced social functioning. Frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) is a neurophysiological marker extracted from electroencephalogram (EEG) data that is likely related to motivational and emotional tendencies, such as reduced motivation across various psychiatric disorders, including SZ. Therefore, it may offer a neurophysiological marker for social functioning.

Objectives: The present study aimed to examine whether FAA is related to social functioning in schizophrenia. Additionally, a group of people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was included to explore whether findings are unique to schizophrenia, or whether they are found in another diagnostic group with atypical social behaviors.

Methods: Analysis of variance and regression models were used to evaluate data from resting-state EEG, clinical interviews, and self-report measures. Data from 33 participants with SZ were compared to 38 healthy controls and 30 individuals with ASD.

Results: Although people with SZ showed differences in FAA compared to healthy controls, the altered neurophysiology was not related to reduced social functioning in SZ. However, FAA was related to social functioning in people without a psychiatric diagnosis. Additionally, comparisons between the SZ and ASD group revealed few differences in patterns of FAA and social functioning, suggesting commonalities between the disorders in these areas.

Conclusions: FAA likely does not present a neurophysiological marker for reduced social functioning in schizophrenia, though future work should examine its role in other possible clinical manifestations shared between schizophrenia and ASD.

Keywords: Autism spectrum disorder; Electroencephalogram; Frontal alpha asymmetry; Schizophrenia; Social functioning.