Endoscopic endonasal approach for pituitary neuroendocrine tumor with septal mucosa incision tailored to tumor extension intending unilateral septal mucosa preservation

Sci Rep. 2025 Jan 9;15(1):1489. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-84334-y.

Abstract

Currently, the direct endonasal approach is widely used in endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) for pituitary neuroendocrine tumor. However, a large posterior septal perforation is inevitable. We routinely utilize a modified para/transseptal approach using the combination of a Killian and a contralateral rescue flap incision (PTSA with K-R incision). Especially, rescue flap incision is used on ipsilateral side of the tumor extension to facilitate lateral expansion of the anterior sphenoidotomy and tumor resection. One hundred eighty-nine patients underwent EES using PTSA with K-R incision in Tsukuba university hospital. Gross total resection (GTR) was achieved in 146 (77.2%) patients. Even in cases of significant lateral tumor extension (Knosp 3 or 4), GTR was achieved in 56 of 90 (62.2%) patients. Among the 168 patients with available rhinological follow-up data, postoperative anterior and posterior septal perforation occurred in six (3.6%) and 18 (10.7%) patients, respectively. Surgical intervention was required in one (0.6%) patient with anterior septal perforation. Thus, PTSA with K-R incision was effective in preserving the nasal septal mucosa on one side and gaining a sufficient surgical corridor with lateral expansion of the anterior sphenoidotomy on the other side. Our strategy may be preferable to improve maneuverability of instruments during tumor resection.

Keywords: Endoscopic endonasal surgery; Killian incision, rescue flap incision; Paraseptal approach; Pituitary neuroendocrine tumor.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Endoscopy / methods
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Nasal Mucosa / pathology
  • Nasal Mucosa / surgery
  • Nasal Septum / pathology
  • Nasal Septum / surgery
  • Neuroendocrine Tumors* / pathology
  • Neuroendocrine Tumors* / surgery
  • Pituitary Neoplasms* / pathology
  • Pituitary Neoplasms* / surgery
  • Surgical Flaps
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Young Adult