Determinants of knowledge of preconception care among healthcare providers in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Objective: To assess the determinants of knowledge of preconception care (PCC) among healthcare providers in Ethiopia.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data source: Comprehensive literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus and Health Internetwork Access to Research Initiative (HINARI) published until 20 March 2024.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies: Primary studies that reported the prevalence, determinants or associated factors were included.

Data extraction and analysis: Three authors extracted all the relevant data using a standardised Joanna Briggs Institute data extraction format. Meta-analysis was done using a random-effects model. A funnel plot and Egger's test were done to assess publication bias, which was corrected by trim and fill analysis.

Result: Out of 102 studies, the final analysis included six studies involving 2758 healthcare providers. The pooled knowledge of PCC among healthcare providers in Ethiopia was determined to be 51.43% (Adjusted OR), with a 95% CI ranging from 41.21% to 61.65%. Several factors were identified as determinants of healthcare providers' knowledge based on the pooled estimate. These factors include having an educational qualification above a BSc degree (OR=2.36, 95% CI 1.46, 3.08), the presence of guidelines in their institution (OR=2.07, 95% CI 1.37, 2.77), working in hospitals (OR=2.68, 95% CI 1.83, 3.53) and receiving training on PCC and related topics (OR=4.05, 95% CI 2.52, 5.59).

Conclusion: Healthcare professionals exhibited limited knowledge of PCC in Ethiopia. Key elements influencing their comprehension encompass advanced educational credentials beyond a BSc degree, adherence to institutional guidelines, employment in hospital settings and exposure to specialised training. The ORs linked to these factors highlight the substantial influence of education, institutional procedures, hospital roles and specific training in enhancing healthcare providers' expertise. Enhancing awareness and understanding among healthcare practitioners through customised educational programmes, institutional structures and organised training efforts stands out as a crucial approach to improve healthcare services and results throughout Ethiopia.

Prospero registration number: CRD42024516077.

Keywords: GYNAECOLOGY; Primary Health Care; Primary Prevention; Reproductive medicine.