Fault-Tolerance Study on a Positive-Charged Cleft in 18 S rRNA Methyltransferase DIMT1

Biochemistry. 2025 Jan 21;64(2):525-532. doi: 10.1021/acs.biochem.4c00319. Epub 2025 Jan 6.

Abstract

Dimethyladenosine transferase 1 (DIMT1) is an RNA N6,6-dimethyladenosine (m26,6A) methyltransferase. DIMT1's role in pre-rRNA processing and ribosome biogenesis is critical for cell proliferation. Here, we investigated the minimal number of residues in a positively charged cleft on DIMT1 required for cell proliferation. We demonstrate that a minimum of four residues in the positively charged cleft must be mutated to alter DIMT1's RNA-binding ability. The variant (4mutA-DIMT1), which presents reduced RNA binding affinity, is diffuse in the nucleoplasm and nucleolus, in contrast with the primarily nucleolar localization of wild-type DIMT1. The aberrant cellular localization significantly impaired 4mutA-DIMT1's role in supporting cell proliferation, as shown in competition-based cell proliferation assays. These results identify the minimum region in DIMT1 to target for cell proliferation regulation.

MeSH terms

  • Cell Proliferation*
  • Humans
  • Methyltransferases* / chemistry
  • Methyltransferases* / genetics
  • Methyltransferases* / metabolism
  • RNA, Ribosomal, 18S* / genetics
  • RNA, Ribosomal, 18S* / metabolism

Substances

  • Methyltransferases
  • RNA, Ribosomal, 18S