Trend of pathogens and respiratory co-infections in the province of Messina: from pediatric age to senescence

J Prev Med Hyg. 2024 Oct 31;65(3):E344-E355. doi: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2024.65.3.3344. eCollection 2024 Sep.

Abstract

Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality and they're primarily caused by viruses such as rhinovirus, coronavirus, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and to a lesser extent by bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The study examines the impact of COVID-19 control measures on the circulation of respiratory pathogens, indicating a reduction in infections during the pandemic period. A retrospective study was conducted on 1,286 patients at the "G. Martino" University Hospital of Messina to evaluate the prevalence of respiratory pathogens. The results showed that SARS-CoV-2, rhinovirus, and RSV are the most frequently isolated pathogens, with a clear seasonality from December to March. Co-infections were detected in 14.1% of cases, predominantly in young children. The study suggests the need for enhanced surveillance strategies to improve the management of respiratory infections and healthcare resources.

Keywords: Adults; Elderly; Flu; RSV; SARS-CoV-2; Surveillance.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • COVID-19* / epidemiology
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Coinfection* / epidemiology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Italy / epidemiology
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Prevalence
  • Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / epidemiology
  • Respiratory Tract Infections* / epidemiology
  • Respiratory Tract Infections* / microbiology
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Rhinovirus
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • Seasons
  • Young Adult