Use of intrauterine dextrose as an alternative to systemic antibiotics for treatment of clinical metritis in dairy cattle: a microbiome perspective

Jennine Lection; Emily Van Syoc; Asha Miles; Julia Hamilton; Marcela Martinez; Santiago Bas; Justin Silverman; Adrian Barragan; Erika Ganda

doi:10.3389/fvets.2024.1478288

Use of intrauterine dextrose as an alternative to systemic antibiotics for treatment of clinical metritis in dairy cattle: a microbiome perspective

Front Vet Sci. 2024 Dec 16:11:1478288. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1478288. eCollection 2024.

Authors

Jennine Lection^{1

2

3}, Emily Van Syoc^{2

3

4}, Asha Miles^{2

5}, Julia Hamilton⁶, Marcela Martinez⁶, Santiago Bas⁷, Justin Silverman^{8

9

10}, Adrian Barragan⁶, Erika Ganda^{1

2

3}

Affiliations

¹ Intergraduate Degree Program in Integrative and Biomedical Physiology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.
² Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.
³ One Health Microbiome Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.
⁴ Department of Biology, Eberly College of Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.
⁵ Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States.
⁶ Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.
⁷ Phytobiotics Futterzusatzstoffe GmbH Bvd Villa Maria Córdoba Argentina, Villa Maria, Argentina.
⁸ College of Information Sciences and Technology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.
⁹ Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States.
¹⁰ Institute for Computational and Data Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.

Abstract

Introduction: Clinical metritis (CM) has significant costs to dairy producers. Current treatment strategy involves systemic antibiotics; however, there is increasing concern about judicious antibiotic use. The study objective was to evaluate the effects of a non-antibiotic treatment vs. systemic antibiotic therapy on the vaginal discharge microbiome of dairy cows diagnosed with CM at 7 ± 3 DIM (days in milk). We hypothesize that both treatment methods will have a similar impact on the reproductive microbiome due to broad-spectrum bactericidal activity; therefore, there will not be significant differences amongst the microbiota after the completion of therapy.

Methods: Cows from a central Pennsylvania dairy were screened for CM at 7 ± 3 days DIM using a Metricheck™ device (n = 351). Cows with red-brown watery discharge were diagnosed with CM and eligible for enrollment. Eligible cows (n = 77) were blocked by parity and randomly allocated to one of two treatments starting on the day of diagnosis: (1) Intrauterine dextrose (DEX, n = 38): 1 l of an intrauterine 50% dextrose solution for 3 days, and (2) Systemic ceftiofur (CONV, n = 39): two injections of ceftiofur (6.6 mg/Kg of BW; Excede, Zoetis Inc.) 72 h apart. Cows were evaluated for clinical cure rate at 7 ± 3 and 14 ± 3 days post-diagnosis. Vaginal discharge samples were collected using the Metricheck™ at enrollment day [study day (sd) 0, pre-treatment], sd 7, and sd 14 for a subset of enrolled cows (DEX = 13, CONV = 14). Vaginal discharge samples were analyzed with 16S rRNA sequencing to evaluate changes in the microbiome between treatments.

Results: After treatment, there were only minor differences within the microbiome between the two treatments indicating the potential suitability of dextrose as an antibiotic-alternative treatment. Alpha diversity did not differ (Welch's t-test) between the treatments at any of the time points. Beta diversity based on PERMANOVA analysis did differ between treatments at sd 0 (P = 0.014) and again at sd 14 (P = 0.028), but not at sd 7 (P = 0.261).

Discussion: While 16S rRNA analysis does not provide information on bacterial viability, the relative similarity of the microbiome between the two groups immediately following treatment might suggest that intrauterine dextrose could be utilized as an alternative treatment for CM.

Keywords: antibiotic alternative; clinical metritis; dairy cattle; intrauterine dextrose; microbiome.

Grants and funding

The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This work was supported in part by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture and Hatch Appropriations under Projects #PEN04752 and #PEN04731 Accessions #1023328 and #1022444. This work was also funded by the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture (Award Number: C9400000089) and USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture and Federal Appropriations (Project PEN04665; Accession Number 1017918). For graduate student support, this publication was supported, in part, by NIH Grant T32GM108563 and by AFRI Predoctoral Fellowship [grant no. 2022-67011-36461] from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture.