This review explores a method of visualizing a demagnetization field (Hd) within a thin-foiled Nd2Fe14B specimen using electron holography observation. Mapping the Hd is critical in electron holography as it provides the only information on magnetic flux density. The Hd map within a Nd2Fe14B thin foil, derived from this method, showed good agreement with the micromagnetic simulation result, providing valuable insights related to coercivity. Furthermore, this review examines the application of the wavelet hidden Markov model (WHMM) for noise suppression in thin-foiled Nd2Fe14B crystals. The results show significant suppression of artificial phase jumps in the reconstructed phase images due to the poor visibility of electron holograms under the narrowest fringe spacing required for spatial resolution in electron holography. These techniques substantially enhance the precision of phase analysis and are applicable to a wide range of magnetic materials, enabling more accurate magnetic characterization.
Keywords: Nd-Fe-B magnet; coercivity; demagnetization field; electron holography; noise reduction; permanent magnet; wavelet hidden Markov model.