Squaraine dye as a fluorescent probe for highly sensitive detection of pyrophosphate and alkaline phosphatase

Wenxuan Zhu; Shuhua Zhao; Bei Yu; Yucun Tao; Chaoyang Wang; Lei Shi; Xiufeng Zhang; Jing Meng; Chengqiu Wu; Chunguang Ding; Lijia Yu

doi:10.1007/s44211-024-00697-2

Squaraine dye as a fluorescent probe for highly sensitive detection of pyrophosphate and alkaline phosphatase

Anal Sci. 2024 Dec 26. doi: 10.1007/s44211-024-00697-2. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Wenxuan Zhu^#^{1

2}, Shuhua Zhao^#^{2

3}, Bei Yu^{1

2}, Yucun Tao⁴, Chaoyang Wang⁵, Lei Shi³, Xiufeng Zhang³, Jing Meng², Chengqiu Wu⁶, Chunguang Ding⁷, Lijia Yu⁸

Affiliations

¹ School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
² NHC Key Laboratory for Engineering Control of Dust Hazard, National Center for Occupational Safety and Healthy, NHC, Beijing, 102308, China.
³ North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China.
⁴ School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, 515041, China.
⁵ The Key Medical Laboratory for Chemical Poison Detection of Henan Province, The Third People's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.
⁶ School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China. 84669106@qq.com.
⁷ NHC Key Laboratory for Engineering Control of Dust Hazard, National Center for Occupational Safety and Healthy, NHC, Beijing, 102308, China. ding_chg@163.com.
⁸ NHC Key Laboratory for Engineering Control of Dust Hazard, National Center for Occupational Safety and Healthy, NHC, Beijing, 102308, China. yulijia@bjmu.edu.cn.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 39724287
DOI: 10.1007/s44211-024-00697-2

Abstract

We synthesized a squaraine dye (F-0) to develop a method for detecting pyrophosphate (PPi) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) by modulating the fluorescence of F-0. The fluorescence intensity of the F-0 system was quenched upon the addition of Cu²⁺ ions; however, it was restored when PPi was introduced due to the formation of a complex between PPi and Cu²⁺. Since ALP can hydrolyze PPi, the fluorescence of the system was quenched again upon the addition of ALP. Based on these principles, we established a fluorescent probe that exhibits an "off-on-off" fluorescence response. The detection limits of this method for PPi and ALP were 103 nmol dm^-3 and 0.18 U dm^-3, respectively. Moreover, this method demonstrates good selectivity and specificity and can be applied to the detection of PPi in actual samples.

Keywords: Alkaline phosphatase; Detection; Pyrophosphate; Squaraine dyes.

Abstract

Grants and funding