A_small_ASD_with right-to-left shunt is useful for off-loading a dysfunctional right ventricle postoperatively. However, an ASD with left-to-right shunt may not be as useful for a dysfunctional left ventricle. Experimental data is limited at present. Thus, we reconsider the related physiology to guide future approach.
Keywords: ASD; atrial_septal_defect; borderline_left_ventricle; off-loading.
© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery.