Cytospora: an important genus of canker pathogens

L Lin; X L Fan; J Z Groenewald; F Jami; M J Wingfield; H Voglmayr; W Jaklitsch; L A Castlebury; C M Tian; P W Crous

doi:10.3114/sim.2024.109.05

Cytospora: an important genus of canker pathogens

Stud Mycol. 2024 Dec:109:323-401. doi: 10.3114/sim.2024.109.05. Epub 2024 Sep 18.

Authors

L Lin^{1

2

3}, X L Fan^{1

2

3}, J Z Groenewald⁴, F Jami^{5

6}, M J Wingfield⁵, H Voglmayr⁷, W Jaklitsch^{7

8}, L A Castlebury⁹, C M Tian^{1

2

3}, P W Crous^{4

5}

Affiliations

¹ State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China.
² Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China.
³ Key Laboratory of Beijing for the Control of Forest Pests, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China.
⁴ Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
⁵ Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry & Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
⁶ Plant Health and Protection, Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa.
⁷ Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030 Wien, Austria.
⁸ Institute of Forest Entomology, Forest Pathology and Forest Protection, Dept. of Forest and Soil Sciences, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Hasenauerstraße 38, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
⁹ Mycology &Nematology Genetic Diversity & Biology Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland, USA.

Abstract

Cytospora species have commonly been reported as important plant pathogenic fungi with wide host ranges and geographic distributions. With the increase in the number of cryptic species being described, a comprehensive global taxonomic revision of the genus Cytospora is required. The present study includes 399 isolates from 32 countries. These isolates were subjected to DNA sequence analysis for five genomic loci (ITS, act1, rpb2, tef1-α and tub2). Based on these data, it could be confirmed that Cytospora, Leucostoma, Valsa, Valsella and Valseutypella are congeneric. Furthermore, 111 species of Cytospora could also be reassessed, 44 species and four combinations newly introduced, and new typifications proposed for a further three species. Three asexual morphological groups (including 13 asexual morphological types) and three sexual morphological groups (including eight sexual morphological types) were designated. The present study explored the species diversity of Cytospora and re-evaluated the identity of all cultures in the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute (Utrecht, The Netherlands) that were deposited as either Cytospora or as one of its related genera. This is the most comprehensive phylogenetic analysis thus far conducted on Cytospora and the results contribute to an increased understanding of the taxonomy of these important fungi. It is also hoped that the findings will lead to improved management strategies for diseases associated Cytospora species. Taxonomic novelties: New species: Cytospora acericola X.L. Fan & C.M. Tian, C. adamsii Jami, Crous & M.J. Wingf., C. beijingensis L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. betulae Jami, Crous & M.J. Wingf., C. brabeji Jami, Crous & M.J. Wingf., C. castaneicola L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. cerebriformis L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. conceptaculata L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. crataegina X.L. Fan & C.M. Tian, C. deqinensis L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. diqingensis L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. eastringensis L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. elaeagnina L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. fraxinea X.L. Fan & C.M. Tian, C. guyuanensis L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. jiufengensis L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. lauricola L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. lhasaensis L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. lijiangensis L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. lvxinensis L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. malvicolor X.L. Fan & C.M. Tian, C. multiseriata L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. nanyangensis X.L. Fan & C.M. Tian, C. polyspora X.L. Fan & C.M. Tian, C. pseudochrysosperma L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. qinghaiensis L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. qingshuiensis L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. sanbaensis L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. shaanxiensis L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. shangrilaensis L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. sidaohensis L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. sinensis L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. songshanensis L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. suecica Jami, Crous & M.J. Wingf., C. syringina L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. tenebrica L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. tetraspora L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. tongzhouensis X.L. Fan & C.M. Tian, C. uniloculata L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. washingtonensis Jami, Crous & M.J. Wingf., C. xiaolongmenensis L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. yinchuanensis L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. yuduensis L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. yulinensis L. Lin & X.L. Fan. New combinations: Cytospora auerswaldii (Nitschke) L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. multicollis (Checa et al.) L. Lin, X.L. Fan & Crous, C. tristicha (De Not.) L. Lin, X.L. Fan & Crous, C. weiriana (Petr.) X.L. Fan & Crous. New replacement names: Cytospora desmazieri L. Lin, X.L. Fan & Crous, C. fuckeliana L. Lin, X.L. Fan & Crous, C. hoffmannii L. Lin, X.L. Fan & Crous, C. massarii L. Lin, X.L. Fan & Crous, C. nitschkeana L. Lin, X.L. Fan & Crous, C. saccardoi L. Lin, X.L. Fan & Crous. New synonyms: Cytospora ampulliformis Norph., Bulgakov, T.C. Wen & K.D. Hyde, C. brevispora (G.C. Adams & Jol. Roux) G.C. Adams & Rossman, C. cenisia Sacc., C. ceratospermopsis C.M. Tian & X.L. Fan, C. cotini Norph., Bulgakov & K.D. Hyde, C. ershadii Zafari & Hanifeh, C. erumpens Norph., Bulgakov, T.C. Wen & K.D. Hyde, C. fraxinigena Senan., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, C. galegicola Q.J. Shang, E. Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, C. granati D.P. Lawr., L.A. Holland & Trouillas, C. hippophaicola Spetik, Eichmeier, Gramaje, Stuskova & Berraf-Tebbal, C. massariana Sacc., C. nivea (Hoffm.) Sacc., C. parakantschavelii Norph., Bulgakov, T.C. Wen & K.D. Hyde, C. parasitica Norph., Bulgakov & K.D. Hyde, C. paratranslucens Norph., Bulgakov, T.C. Wen & K.D. Hyde, C. pini Desm., C. populicola D.P. Lawr., L.A. Holland & Trouillas, C. predappioensis Q.J. Shang, Norph., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, C. quercicola Senan., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, C. rosae Senan., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, C. salicella Sacc., C. vinacea D.P. Lawr., Travadon & Pouzoulet, Valsa germanica Nitschke, V. massariana De Not., V. nivea (Hoffm.) Fr., Valsella salicis Fuckel, Sphaeria nivea Hoffm. Typification: Lecto- and epitypifications (basionyms): Sphaeria chrysosperma Pers., Valsa eucalypti Cooke & Harkn., Valsella salicis Fuckel. Citation: Lin L, Fan XL, Groenewald JZ, Jami F, Wingfield MJ, Voglmayr H, Jaklitsch W, Castlebury LA, Tian CM, Crous PW (2024). Cytospora: an important genus of canker pathogens. Studies in Mycology 109: 323-401. doi: 10.3114/sim.2024.109.05.

Keywords: Cytosporaceae; Diaporthales; multi-gene phylogeny; taxonomy.