L-shaped relationship between atherogenic index of plasma with uric acid levels and hyperuricemia risk

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024 Dec 9:15:1461599. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1461599. eCollection 2024.

Abstract

Background: Hyperuricemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and serum uric acid (SUA) levels, as well as the risk of hyperuricemia.

Methods: Utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we conducted a cross-sectional study involving 9,439 participants aged 18 years and above with complete triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) data. AIP was calculated as the logarithm of the ratio of TG to HDL-C. Weighted linear regression, weighted logistic regression, subgroup analysis, generalized additive model, restricted cubic spline and two-part linear and logistic regression were utilized to examine the relationships between AIP and SUA levels and hyperuricemia risk.

Results: We identified a non-linear and L-shaped relationship between AIP and both SUA levels and hyperuricemia prevalence, with significant increasing observed up to a saturation point (0.588 for uric acid levels and 0.573 for hyperuricemia prevalence). Below these thresholds, the odds ratios (OR) for increased SUA and hyperuricemia were 0.854 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.762, 0.946) and 4.4 (95% CI: 3.528, 5.488), respectively (P<0.001). Beyond these points, the associations were not statistically significant.

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that AIP is significantly and non-linear associated with SUA levels and hyperuricemia risk, with a saturation effect observed beyond specific thresholds. These insights could inform clinical strategies for managing cardiovascular and metabolic risks associated with elevated AIP. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm these associations and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Keywords: atherogenic index of plasma; cardiovascular risk; cross-sectional study; hyperuricemia; uric acid.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Atherosclerosis* / blood
  • Atherosclerosis* / epidemiology
  • Atherosclerosis* / etiology
  • Cholesterol, HDL / blood
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hyperuricemia* / blood
  • Hyperuricemia* / epidemiology
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Nutrition Surveys
  • Prevalence
  • Risk Factors
  • Triglycerides / blood
  • Uric Acid* / blood

Substances

  • Uric Acid
  • Triglycerides
  • Cholesterol, HDL

Grants and funding

The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This study was funded by Guangxi Autonomous Region Higher Education Undergraduate Teaching Reform Project (2024JGA144); Middle-aged and Young Teachers’ Basic Ability Promotion Project of Guangxi (2023KY0087, 2023KY0110); Guangxi Education Science 2022 Higher Education Internationalization Special Project (2022ZJY3083); and the Health Commission Self-Funded Scientific Research Projects of Guangxi, China (Z-A20230521, Z-A20230528, Z-C20220835).