Apathy Associated with Alzheimer's Disease

Abstract

Introduction/objective: Apathy is a multidimensional and complex disease that is the primary neuropsychiatric symptom among those diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Yet, apathy in AD is sometimes underestimated.

Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The search utilized specific keywords related to apathy and Alzheimer's disease (e.g., "apathy," "Alzheimer's disease," "neuropsychiatric symptoms," "front-striatal circuitry"). The studies were selected based on pre-defined criteria, including publication date (within the last 10 years), peer-reviewed status, and relevance to neurobiological, neurochemical, and behavioral aspects of apathy in AD. The articles were screened through title and abstract reviews, followed by full-text evaluations to ensure they met the inclusion criteria, such as relevance to apathy in Alzheimer's patients, study design rigor, and methodological quality.

Results: Some research on the behavioral and neurobiological characteristics of apathy in AD points to the role of the front-striatal circuitry, particularly the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). In addition, we reviewed the neurochemical, neuropsychological, and neuropathological characteristics believed to be associated with apathy symptoms.

Conclusion: The findings indicate that understanding the intricate neurobiological underpinnings of apathy in AD is crucial for developing targeted interventions. Our analysis suggests that a multimodal approach, incorporating both pharmacological and personalized non-pharmacological strategies, could enhance therapeutic efficacy and improve patient outcomes. This highlights the need for future research to explore these combined treatment modalities and their potential to alleviate apathy in AD patients.

Keywords: AD; Alzheimer’s disease; apathy; behaviorology.; neuropsychiatric.