To investigate the current situation and demand for specialized development of allergy nursing in 88 hospitals in Guangdong Province, as well as to provide evidence for the management of allergy nursing. From August to December 2023, a cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze the core managers of allergy nursing-related work in eighty-eight hospitals in Guangdong Province supported by the Allergy Nursing Branch of the Guangdong Nurses Association and the Nursing Group of the Allergy Branch of the Guangdong Medical Association. An online survey was conducted using the Delphi method to compile a questionnaire on the current status and demand for specialized development of allergy nursing in Guangdong Province. Chi-square tests and Fisher's exact probability method were used to analyze the differences in the current status of specialty technology applications and the development and demand of specialized nursing between hospitals with or without allergy specialty departments. The results showed that among the eighty-eight hospitals in the nineteen prefecture-level cities surveyed in Guangdong Province, 17 hospitals (19%) had established allergy specialty departments, all of which were top-tier tertiary hospitals. The establishment duration [M (Q1, Q3)] was 3 (1, 10) years. The implementation rates of skin prick test (94%, 16/17), in-vitro examination (82%, 14/17), nasal endoscopy (82%, 14/17), subcutaneous specific immunotherapy (82%, 14/17), multidisciplinary consultation (65%, 11/17), fractional exhaled nitric oxide detection (47%, 8/17), skin patch test (41%, 7/17), and autologous serum skin test (35%, 6/17) in hospitals with allergy department were higher than those in hospitals without allergy department [59%, 42/71 (χ2=7.462, P=0.006)], [54%, 38/71 (χ2=4.717, P=0.030)], [51%, 36/71 (χ2=5.599, P=0.018)], [34%, 24/71 (χ2=13.177, P<0.001)], [24%, 17/71 (χ2=10.505, P=0.001)], [24%, 17/71 (χ2=5.540, P=0.019)], [11%, 8/71 (Fisher's exact test, P=0.008)], [11%, 8/71 (Fisher's exact test, P=0.025)]. In the development plan of allergy nursing in the next two years, hospitals that had set up allergy departments had a higher proportion in adding nurses (82%, 14/17, χ2=13.177, P<0.001), formulating specialized nurse training plans (71%, 12/17, χ2=3.980, P=0.046), formulating group standards or clinical guidelines (41%, 7/17, Fisher's exact test, P=0.046), and formulating assessment standards (53%, 9/17, Fisher's exact test, P=0.002). The demand for all aspects of allergy specialty nursing knowledge and skills accounted for more than 50%, and it was not related to whether the hospital set up an allergy department. In conclusion, the specialized development of allergy nursing in Guangdong province is still in its early stages, and there is a great demand for improving knowledge and skills in allergy. Further standardization of specialty construction is needed, along with the training of allergic nurses, to promote the comprehensive development of allergic reaction nursing specialties from point to area.
调查广东省88所医院变态反应护理专科化发展现状和需求，为变态反应护理在广东省的发展和推广提供数据支持。采用横断面研究设计，依托广东省护士协会变态反应护理分会和广东省医学会变态反应学分会护理学组，于2023年8—12月选取广东省88所医院变态反应护理相关工作的核心管理者为研究对象。基于德菲尔法编制广东省变态反应专科护理现状和需求问卷，并进行线上调研。采用卡方检验或Fisher确切概率法分析是否设置变态反应专科的医院在专科技术应用现状、护理专科化发展与需求方面的差异。结果显示，在广东省内19个地级市、88所医院中，已设立变态反应专科的有17所医院（19%），且均为三级甲等医院，成立年限［M（Q1，Q3）］为3（1，10）年。已设置变态反应专科的医院过敏原皮肤点刺开展率（94%，16/17）、过敏原体外检测开展率（82%，14/17）、鼻内镜检查开展率（82%，14/17）、皮下特异性免疫治疗开展率（82%，14/17）、多学科会诊开展率（65%，11/17）、呼出气一氧化氮检测开展率（47%，8/17）、皮肤斑贴试验开展率（41%，7/17）、自体血清皮肤试验开展率（35%，6/17）分别高于未设置变态反应专科医院［59%，42/71（χ2=7.462，P=0.006）］、［54%，38/71（χ2=4.717，P=0.030）］、［51%，36/71（χ2=5.599，P=0.018）］、［34%，24/71（χ2=13.177，P<0.001）］、［24%，17/71（χ2=10.505，P=0.001）］、［24%，17/71（χ2=5.540，P=0.019）］、［11%，8/71（Fisher确切概率法，P=0.008）］、［11%，8/71（Fisher确切概率法，P=0.025）］。在近两年变态反应护理相关的发展规划中，已设置变态反应专科的医院在增加护士（82%，14/17，χ2=13.177，P<0.001）、制定专科护士培训计划（71%，12/17，χ2=3.980，P=0.046）、制定团体标准或临床指南（41%，7/17，Fisher确切概率法，P=0.046）及制定考核标准（53%，9/17，Fisher确切概率法，P=0.002）方面的占比更高。变态反应专科护理知识及技能需求各方面的占比均超过50%且与医院是否设置变态反应专科无关。综上，广东省变态反应护理专科化的发展尚处于起步阶段，知识和技能等方面待提高的需求量大，需进一步规范专科建设，开展变态反应专科护士的培养，以点带面促进变态反应护理专科的全面发展。.