Early Technology Readiness Level (TRL) Development of the Microfluidic Inorganic Conductivity Detector for Europa and the Solenoid-Based Actuator Assembly for Impact Penetrators

Sensors (Basel). 2024 Dec 2;24(23):7704. doi: 10.3390/s24237704.

Abstract

This study introduces an innovative in situ lander/impact-penetrator design tailored for Discovery-class missions to Europa, specifically focused on conducting astrobiological analyses. The platform integrates a microfluidic capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detector (C4D), optimized for the detection of low-concentration salts potentially indicative of biological activity. Our microfluidic system allows for automated sample routing and precise conductivity-based detection, making it suitable for the harsh environmental and logistical demands of Europa's icy surface. This technology provides a robust toolset for exploring extraterrestrial habitability by enabling in situ chemical analyses with minimal operational intervention, paving the way for advanced astrobiological investigations on Europa.

Keywords: Europa; exobiology; instrumentation; prebiotic chemistry; solar system origin.

Grants and funding

This work was supported by funding from the State of Georgia, the Georgia Institute of Technology, and NASA via the Planetary Instruments Concepts for the Advancement of Solar System Observations (PICASSO, Grant# NNX15AM98G) program, the Small Business Technology (STTR, Grant# T8.03-9761 (STTR 2016-1)) program, and the NASA Future Investigators in Earth and Space Science and Technology (FINESST, Grant# 80NSSC20K1400) program.