The rapid investment casting (RIC) process requires a 3D-printed pattern to create a ceramic mold. Stereolithography (SLA) is a commonly used 3D printing method for pattern creation due to its ability to print complex shapes with smooth surfaces. The printing parameters can significantly affect the dimensional accuracy of the pattern. This study examines how different build orientations (0°, 45°, and 90°) affect the dimensional accuracy of parts produced using SLA. The specimens were printed using castable wax resin. They were measured to investigate the dimensional deviations using 3D scanning technology to understand the correlation between orientation and accuracy better. It was found that the orientation of the print affects the overall accuracy significantly. Parts printed at a 45° angle generally showed the smallest deviations from their nominal dimensions, except for certain features. For instance, cylindrical features showed deviations improving from -7.28% at 0° to -4.81% at 90°, while spherical features had deviations decreasing from -5.01% at 0° to -2.46% at 90°. Simple features, such as holes, exhibited minimal deviation across orientations, with the smallest error observed at 45° (1.98%). These results demonstrate different features and build orientations can affect the accuracy of the printed part differently. To ensure better accuracy, parts printed in different build orientations will require varying amounts of compensation during the design stage. By managing build orientations and controlling the inherent limitations of SLA, users can improve the print's accuracy and meet quality standards more effectively. Research results can help industries optimize print settings and reduce dimensional errors.
Keywords: 3D scanning; additive manufacturing; average deviation; dimensional deviation; photogrammetry.