Nutritional disorders and nutrition-related conditions: an underestimated clinical problem in systemic sclerosis

Reumatologia. 2024;62(5):368-380. doi: 10.5114/reum/194035. Epub 2024 Nov 9.

Abstract

Nutritional disorders are significant but often underestimated complications in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). The most prevalent nutritional disorders in SSc are malnutrition, affecting up to 62.5% of patients, and sarcopenia, with a frequency of up to 42%. Thus, clinical vigilance is recommended for the detection of eating disorders in SSc patients, particularly those with gastrointestinal involvement, cardiopulmonary complications, an advanced disease stage, and high disease activity. Nutritional treatment should be carefully tailored to the patients' clinical condition to ensure that it effectively addresses their specific needs. Studies focusing on enteral nutrition in SSc patients demonstrate its effectiveness in stabilizing or improving nutritional status in malnourished patients. In severe cases, parenteral nutrition offers viable options to support patient health. The findings highlight the importance of early nutritional assessment and intervention in improving patient outcomes and suggest that individualized nutritional therapy can be a critical component of comprehensive care for SSc patients.

Keywords: malnutrition; nutrition therapy; sarcopenia; systemic sclerosis.

Publication types

  • Review

Grants and funding

Funding The research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.