Computed tomography-determined high visceral adipose tissue and sarcopenic obesity and their associations with survival in vulnerable or frail older adults with cancer considered for systemic anticancer treatment

Antti Tolonen; Kaisa Lehtomäki; Hanna Kerminen; Heini Huhtala; Maarit Bärlund; Pia Österlund; Otso Arponen

doi:10.1016/j.jgo.2024.102171

Computed tomography-determined high visceral adipose tissue and sarcopenic obesity and their associations with survival in vulnerable or frail older adults with cancer considered for systemic anticancer treatment

J Geriatr Oncol. 2024 Dec 14;16(2):102171. doi: 10.1016/j.jgo.2024.102171. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Antti Tolonen¹, Kaisa Lehtomäki², Hanna Kerminen³, Heini Huhtala⁴, Maarit Bärlund⁵, Pia Österlund⁶, Otso Arponen⁷

Affiliations

¹ Department of Radiology, Tampere University Hospital, Kuntokatu 2, 33520 Tampere, Finland; Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland; Department of Oncology, Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Teiskontie 35, 33520 Tampere, Finland. Electronic address: antti.h.tolonen@tuni.fi.
² Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland; Department of Oncology, Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Teiskontie 35, 33520 Tampere, Finland. Electronic address: kaisa.lehtomaki@tuni.fi.
³ Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland; Centre of Geriatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Kuntokatu 2, 33520 Tampere, Finland; Gerontology Research Center (GEREC), Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland. Electronic address: hanna.kerminen@tuni.fi.
⁴ Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Kalevantie 5, 33014 Tampere, Finland. Electronic address: heini.huhtala@tuni.fi.
⁵ Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland; Department of Oncology, Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Teiskontie 35, 33520 Tampere, Finland. Electronic address: maarit.barlund@pirha.fi.
⁶ Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland; Department of Oncology, Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Teiskontie 35, 33520 Tampere, Finland; Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Tema Cancer, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Eugeniavägen 3, 17176 Solna, Sweden; Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 1, 17177, Solna, Sweden. Electronic address: pia.osterlund@helsinki.fi.
⁷ Department of Radiology, Tampere University Hospital, Kuntokatu 2, 33520 Tampere, Finland; Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland; Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. Electronic address: otso.arponen@tuni.fi.

PMID: 39675314
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2024.102171

Abstract

Introduction: Treatment decisions are challenging in older adults with solid tumors. Geriatric 8 (G8)-screening and comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) are important but additional methods are needed. We examined the association of computed tomography (CT)-derived high visceral adipose tissue index (VATI) with or without low skeletal muscle index (SMI) on three-month and overall survival (OS).

Materials and methods: Vulnerability was evaluated with G8 in patients ≥75 years referred for systemic anticancer treatment. Vulnerable/frail patients (G8 ≤ 14) received CGA and were included. VATI and SMI were retrospectively measured from CT scans. We examined associations between high VATI with or without low SMI and three-month and OS with Cox regression models and Kaplan-Meier estimation.

Results: Seventy-nine patients with median age of 80 (range 75-91) years were evaluated. In the palliative-intent group (n = 58), three-month OS rates were 88 % and 58 % in the normal and high VATI groups, respectively (hazard ratio 4.3; 95 % confidence interval 1.3-14), and 88 % vs. 47 % in group without and with 'high VATI+low SMI', respectively (5.5; 1.9-17). The median OS was 12.7 vs. 9.5 months in normal VATI/SMI and 'high VATI+low SMI' (1.9; 1.1-3.2), respectively. In Cox multivariable models with established predictive factors (ECOG PS, Clinical Frailty Scale, and sex), only high VATI (4.9; 1.0-24) or 'high VATI+low SMI' (8.9; 1.7-46) remained significant predictors of three-month OS.

Discussion: High VATI with or without low SMI were associated with impaired three-month OS in the palliative-intent group and with OS in the whole cohort independently of oncologic and geriatric functional status measures; thus, they may aid in treatment decision-making.

Keywords: Body composition; Computed tomography; Frailty; Older adults; Sarcopenia; Sarcopenic obesity; cachexia.