The Effects of Chia Seed (Salvia hispanica L.) Consumption on Blood Pressure and Body Composition in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Mohamed J Saadh; Munthar Kadhim Abosaoda; Lalji Baldaniya; Rishiv Kalia; Renu Arya; Shivang Mishra; Ashish Singh Chauhan; Abhinav Kumar; Mohamad Alizadeh

doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2024.11.012

The Effects of Chia Seed (Salvia hispanica L.) Consumption on Blood Pressure and Body Composition in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Clin Ther. 2024 Dec 12:S0149-2918(24)00356-4. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2024.11.012. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Mohamed J Saadh¹, Munthar Kadhim Abosaoda², Lalji Baldaniya³, Rishiv Kalia⁴, Renu Arya⁵, Shivang Mishra⁶, Ashish Singh Chauhan⁷, Abhinav Kumar⁸, Mohamad Alizadeh⁹

Affiliations

¹ Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman, Jordan.
² College of Pharmacy, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; College of Pharmacy, The Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq; College of Pharmacy, The Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq.
³ Marwadi University Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences Marwadi University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India.
⁴ Centre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India.
⁵ Department of Pharmacy, Chandigarh Pharmacy College, Chandigarh Group of Colleges-Jhanjeri, Mohali, Punjab, India.
⁶ NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
⁷ Division of Research and Innovation, Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
⁸ Department of Nuclear and Renewable Energy, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia Boris Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg, Russia; Department of Technical Sciences, Western Caspian University, Baku, Azerbaijan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, 641021, India.
⁹ Department of Medical, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: alizadehh.mohammadd@gmail.com.

PMID: 39672763
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2024.11.012

Abstract

Purpose: Growing evidence has suggested that the consumption of chia seed can decrease blood pressure and obesity in adults. However, even studies have reported uncertain findings. The current meta-analysis aimed to assess the findings of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy of chia seed supplementation on blood pressure (systolic blood pressure [SBP], diastolic blood pressure [DBP]) and body composition (waist circumference [WC], weight, body mass index [BMI]) in adults.

Methods: A systematic search of the literature was carried out in the PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Scopus, Cochrane Central Library, and EMBASE from inception up to October 2024. Data were extracted and analyzed using a random-effects model, and reported as weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Findings: A total of eight RCTs involving 372 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that chia consumption significantly reduced DBP (WMD: -7.49 mmHg; 95% CI: -9.64, -5.34; P < 0.001) and SBP (WMD: -5.61 mmHg; 95% CI: -8.77, -2.44; P = 0.001). Moreover, consuming chia seeds was linked to a notable decrease in WC (WMD: -1.46 cm; 95% CI: -2.68, -0.25; P = 0.01), but it had no significant effect on, BMI (WMD: -0.31 kg/m²; 95% CI: - 0.96, 0.34; P = 0.34) and weight (WMD: 0.09 kg; 95% CI: -0.76, 0.93; P = 0.84).

Implications: Chia consumption can significantly reduce SBP, DBP, and WC in adults, but no significant impact was showed on BMI and weight. To verify these results, more studies involving a greater number of participants are required.

Keywords: Blood pressure; Chia seed; Meta-analysis; Obesity; Weight.

Publication types

Review