Nitrogen-doped hollow quadruple-shelled carbon-silicon nanosphere as a solid-phase microextraction adsorbent for the extraction of 19 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in milk samples

Xiaohuan Zang; Qingyun Chang; Xiaoxian Zhao; Shuaihua Zhang; Chun Wang; Zhi Wang; Jianzhong Xu

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136815

Nitrogen-doped hollow quadruple-shelled carbon-silicon nanosphere as a solid-phase microextraction adsorbent for the extraction of 19 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in milk samples

J Hazard Mater. 2024 Dec 9:485:136815. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136815. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Xiaohuan Zang¹, Qingyun Chang², Xiaoxian Zhao², Shuaihua Zhang², Chun Wang², Zhi Wang³, Jianzhong Xu⁴

Affiliations

¹ College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China.
² Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China.
³ Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China. Electronic address: zhiwang2000@126.com.
⁴ College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China. Electronic address: xujz@hbu.cn.

PMID: 39672071
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136815

Abstract

In this study, nitrogen-doped hollow multi-shelled carbon-silicon nanospheres (NSiC-Homs-NS) were prepared using a template method and employed as a coating material for solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers. The extraction efficiency of single-, double-, triple-, and quadruple-shelled NSiC-Homs-NS coated fibers for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated, respectively. The NSiC-Homs-NS based SPME fiber coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was applied to detect 19 PAHs in milk samples. The extraction parameters of SPME were optimized using a central composite design methodology. Under the optimized conditions, the established method exhibited good linearity for the PAHs, ranging from 0.03 to 500 ng g^-1, with coefficients of determination (r²) between 0.9952 and 0.9983. The limits of detection (S/N of 3) of the PAHs in milk samples ranged from 0.01 to 4.0 ng g^-1. The relative standard deviations of the single-fiber repeatability (n = 5) and fiber-to-fiber reproducibility (n = 5) were all less than 12 %. The method recoveries of the PAHs in seven milk samples, evaluated at three different spiking concentrations, ranged from 80.4 % to 119 % with RSDs less than 12 %. The developed method exhibited good repeatability and accuracy.

Keywords: Gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer; Milk sample; Multi-shelled carbon-silicon nanosphere; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Solid-phase microextraction.