Both minimal change disease (MCD) and focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS) are the pathological types of primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) and cannot be readily distinguished owing to their highly similar clinical presentations. Currently, methods for clinical MCD and FSGS diagnosis still rely on invasive renal biopsy which impede rapid and accurate diagnosis for timely treatment management. In this study, a novel diagnostic strategy by introducing the dyes with spironolactone structure into the metal-organic cage to construct three dye@MOCs composites has been developed and employed as fluorescence sensor array for assisting in the auxiliary differential diagnosis of MCD and FSGS based on the distinguishable biothiols in urine. Through the statistical analysis technique for the interpretation of response patterns, the weak fluorescent of dye@MOCs sensor array exhibited unique patterns of fluorescence enhancement when biothiols appeared, forming the unique "off-on" sensor array. Additionally, dye@MOCs sensor array exhibited excellent selectivity and good stability, indicating their potentially actual applications. Outstandingly, as an important example, it was demonstrated for the first time that dye@MOCs sensor array can be applied to the auxiliary differential diagnosis of MCD and FSGS patients based on the differentiable biothiols level in urine using non-invasively methods, potentially avoiding invasive renal biopsy diagnosis and overcoming the limitations of conventional urine examinations, illustrating its potential applications in the auxiliary differential diagnosis and research of related diseases in the forthcoming era. And moreover, this opens new avenues for reliable disease auxiliary diagnosis and differentiation, setting a new benchmark for accuracy and reliability in medical assessments.
Keywords: Auxiliary diagnosis and differentiation; Biothiols; Detection and distinguish; Fluorescence sensor array; Metal organic cages; Organic dyes.
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