Smoking is a prevalent habit known for its detrimental effects on oral health and it affects not only oral health but also various organ systems. The influence of smoking on periodontal health, including gingival inflammation, bone loss and delayed wound healing, poses significant challenges during orthodontic therapy. Orthodontic treatment depends on healthy bone and periodontal remodelling. Smoking reduces blood flow and oxygen to these areas, which can slow tooth movement and complicate treatment. It also increases plaque buildup, leading to potential periodontal diseases and enamel damage. Even after treatment, smoking can affect how well your teeth stay in their new position, increasing the risk of relapse. Quitting smoking can help improve your results and keep your smile healthier in the long run. Therefore, the literature concluded that orthodontists should consider smoking cessation interventions as an integral part of patient management to optimize treatment success and long-term oral health. This review explores the specific implications of smoking on orthodontic treatment outcomes.
Keywords: orthodontic treatment; periodontal health; smoking; smoking cessation; tooth movement.
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