Sustainable lignin-based composite hydrogels for controlled drug release and self-healing in antimicrobial wound dressing

Int J Biol Macromol. 2025 Jan:285:138327. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.138327. Epub 2024 Dec 5.

Abstract

Bacterial infections pose a significant threat to global public health, demanding innovative solutions in biomedical field. Lignin is a naturally abundant polyphenol-rich polymer, offer promising potential to fabricate advance biomaterials for biomedical applications. Hence, a composite hydrogel with antimicrobial and antioxidant activities based on the development of dynamic covalent bonds among sodium alginate, lignin and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) was designed. Lignin provides structural integrity to hydrogel backbone as well as released synergistically with the drug. This synergistic effect of the pH-responsive controlled release of both EGCG and lignin improved the releasing ability and bioactivity of the hydrogels. In in vitro antimicrobial experiments, the addition of 3.08 wt% lignin significantly enhanced bactericidal efficacy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, raising the killing rate from 20 % to over 96 %. The dynamic borate bond allows hydrogel network to repair itself when it is disrupted. Its self-healing ability, pH-responsive drug delivery, biocompatibility and strong antimicrobial and antioxidant effects make it a promising candidate for chronic wound management. This lignin-based hydrogel marks a significant innovation in sustainable, multifunctional biomedical materials.

Keywords: Antibacterial hydrogel; Lignin; Self-healing; Synergistic effect; Wound dressing.

MeSH terms

  • Alginates / chemistry
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / chemistry
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
  • Anti-Infective Agents / chemistry
  • Anti-Infective Agents / pharmacology
  • Antioxidants / chemistry
  • Antioxidants / pharmacology
  • Bandages*
  • Catechin / analogs & derivatives
  • Catechin / chemistry
  • Catechin / pharmacology
  • Delayed-Action Preparations
  • Drug Liberation*
  • Escherichia coli* / drug effects
  • Humans
  • Hydrogels* / chemistry
  • Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
  • Lignin* / chemistry
  • Lignin* / pharmacology
  • Staphylococcus aureus* / drug effects
  • Wound Healing* / drug effects

Substances

  • Hydrogels
  • Lignin
  • Delayed-Action Preparations
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Antioxidants
  • Catechin
  • Anti-Infective Agents
  • epigallocatechin gallate
  • Alginates