Objective: To analyze the current situation and influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among scientific researchers in a computer workstation of a high-tech aerospace enterprise, and to provide data support for the improvement of occupational health management policies in this type of enterprise. Methods: From March to April 2023, using convenient sampling method, 1398 scientific researchers using computer workstations in an aerospace high-tech enterprise in Beijing were selected as the research subjects. The incidence of WMSDs in various parts of the body was investigated by using the Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire, and the influencing factors of WMSDs in neck, lower back, shoulder and upper back were analyzed by logistic regression. Results: The total incidence of WMSDs was 55.4% (774/1398) in the scientific researchers who used computer workstations. The top 4 body parts in WMSDs incidence were neck (24.3%, 340/1398), lower back (20.4%, 285/1398), shoulder (18.7%, 262/1398), upper back (12.7%, 177/1398). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that feeling slightly tired and tired after work, setting a rest/break time of 10 to 15 min before the next continuous job, and operating computer for 2 to 4 hours and >4 hours were the influencing factors for the occurrence of neck WMSDs (OR=3.08, 1.90, 0.60, 2.00, 1.49, P<0.05). Female, 5-<10 years of working experience, feeling slightly tired, tired and very tired after work, operating computer for 6-<8 hours and 8-10 hours a day were all the influencing factors for the occurrence of WMSDs in the lower back (OR=1.82, 0.64, 2.95, 1.80, 1.61, 1.82, 1.73, P<0.05). Female, feeling slightly tired and tired after work were the influencing factors of shoulder WMSDs occurrence (OR=2.42, 2.09, 2.00, P<0.05). Female, 5-<10 years, 10-15 years of working age, 1-3 times of physical exercise/quarter, feeling slightly tired, tired and very tired after work were the influencing factors for the occurrence of upper back WMSDs (OR=2.76, 2.19, 2.78, 0.48, 4.20, 2.66, 2.19, P<0.05) . Conclusion: The incidence of WMSDs among scientific researchers in computer workstations of aerospace high-tech enterprises is high, which is closely related to individual characteristics and workstation usage characteristics. Measures should be taken to prevent and improve the WMSDs status of scientific researchers.
目的： 分析某航天高科技企业计算机工作站的科研人员工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患（work-related musculoskeletal disorders，WMSDs）现状及影响因素，为该类型企业职业健康管理政策完善提供数据支持。 方法： 于2023年3至4月，采用方便抽样的方法，选择北京某航天高科技企业1 398名使用计算机工作站的科研人员作为研究对象。采用《肌肉骨骼疾患问卷》调查其过去一年中身体各部位WMSDs的患病情况，采用logistic回归分析颈部、下背部、肩部和上背部的WMSDs影响因素。 结果： 使用计算机工作站的科研人员WMSDs总发生率为55.4%（774/1 398），身体各部位WMSDs发生率排在前4位的依次是颈部（24.3%，340/1 398）、下背部（20.4%，285/1 398）、肩部（18.7%，262/1 398）、上背部（12.7%，177/1 398）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，下班后感觉稍疲劳和疲劳、在下一次连续作业之前设置10~15 min的休息/间断时间、单次电脑操作2~4 h和>4 h均是科研人员颈部WMSDs发生的影响因素（OR=3.08、1.90、0.60、2.00、1.49，P<0.05）；女性、5~<10年本工种工龄、下班后感觉稍疲劳、疲劳和非常疲劳、每日电脑操作6~<8 h和8~10 h均是下背部WMSDs发生的影响因素（OR=1.82、0.64、2.95、1.80、1.61、1.82、1.73，P<0.05）；女性、下班后感觉稍疲劳、疲劳均是肩部WMSDs发生的影响因素（OR=2.42、2.09、2.00，P<0.05）；女性、5~<10年和10~15年本工种工龄、体育锻炼1~3次/季度、下班后感觉稍疲劳、疲劳和非常疲劳均是上背部WMSDs发生的影响因素（OR=2.76、2.19、2.78、0.48、4.20、2.66、2.19，P<0.05）。 结论： 航天高科技企业计算机工作站的科研人员WMSDs发生率较高，与个体特征和工作站使用特征等因素密切相关，应采取措施预防和改善科研人员WMSDs状况。.
Keywords: Aerospace high technology; Aviation; Computer workstation; Computers; Influencing factor; Musculoskeletal system; Scientific research personnel; Work-related musculoskeletal disorders.