Background: N-butyl cyanoacrylate (n-BCA) is often used for preoperative transarterial embolization (TAE) of meningiomas. However, factors affecting the embolization effect with n-BCA remain unclear. This study aimed to clarify the factors associated with the embolization rate after TAE using n-BCA in meningioma, from the aspect of feeder architecture.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 62 patients with meningioma who underwent preoperative TAE with n-BCA between 2016 and 2021. Patient variables, including characteristics, intraoperative findings, and outcomes, were collected. Feeder architecture was classified into 7 groups: 1) internal maxillary artery, 2) occipital artery, 3) ascending pharyngeal artery, 4) posterior meningeal artery, 5) infraclinoidal internal carotid artery, 6) ophthalmic artery (OphA), and 7) pial feeder group, based on preoperative angiography. We set primary outcome as the embolization rate, representing the reduction rate of the gadolinium-enhanced lesion volume observed on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Angiographic findings following n-BCA injection were classified as feeder occlusion or intratumoral embolization. We analyzed the factors associated with the embolization rate.
Results: The OphA feeder group showed a decrease in the embolization rate (P = 0.008). The number of feeder groups with intratumoral embolization showed a robust positive correlation (r = 0.557). The OphA feeder group showed an increase in the number of feeder groups (P < 0.001) and larger tumor volume (P = 0.005).
Conclusions: The OphA feeder group was associated with a lower embolization rate. Our study suggested that the vascular architecture in meningioma affected the efficacy of TAE with n-BCA.
Keywords: Embolization; Meningioma; Ophthalmic artery; n-Butyl-Cyanoacrylate.
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