Thymoquinone loaded nanoemulgel in streptozotocin induced diabetic wound

Nanomedicine (Lond). 2024;19(30):2577-2604. doi: 10.1080/17435889.2024.2422805. Epub 2024 Nov 21.

Abstract

Aim: To treat diabetic wound healing with a novel Thymoquinone (TQ) loaded nanoformulation by using combination of essentials oils.Methods: TQ nanoemulsion (NE) was developed with seabuckthorn & lavender essential oils by phase inversion method and mixture design. Further, DIAGEL is obtained by incorporating NE into 1% carbopol®934. Furthermore, particle size, polydispersity index, thermodynamic stability studies, rheology, spreadability, drug content, in-vitro drug release, ex-vivo permeation, anti-oxidant assay, antimicrobial studies, angioirritance, HAT-CAM assay, in-vitro and in-vivo studies were determined.Results: NE has a particle size of 17.79 ± 0.61 nm, 0.206 ± 0.012 PDI & found to be thermodynamically stable. DIAGEL exhibited pseudoplastic behavior, sustained drug release, better permeation of TQ and a drug content of 98.54 ± 0.08%. DIAGEL stored for 6 months at room temperature and 2-8°C showed no degradation. Further, an improved angiogenesis, absence of angio-irritancy, remarkable antioxidant and antimicrobial activities against Candida albicans & S. aureus were observed. Cytotoxicity analysis revealed nearly 2.28 -folds higher IC50 value than drug solution. Furthermore, inflammatory mediators were reduced in DIAGEL treated animal groups. The histopathological studies confirmed skin healing with regeneration and granulation of tissue.Conclusion: The novel formulation has strong anti-inflammatory, angiogenesis, antioxidant and appreciable diabetic wound healing properties.

Keywords: Diabetic wound healing; anti-inflammatory; nanoemulgel; nanoemulsion.

Plain language summary

[Box: see text].

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Acrylates
  • Animals
  • Antioxidants* / chemistry
  • Antioxidants* / pharmacology
  • Benzoquinones* / chemistry
  • Benzoquinones* / pharmacology
  • Candida albicans / drug effects
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental* / drug therapy
  • Drug Liberation
  • Emulsions* / chemistry
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Nanoparticles / chemistry
  • Oils, Volatile / administration & dosage
  • Oils, Volatile / chemistry
  • Oils, Volatile / pharmacology
  • Particle Size
  • Rats
  • Skin / drug effects
  • Staphylococcus aureus* / drug effects
  • Streptozocin
  • Wound Healing* / drug effects

Substances

  • thymoquinone
  • Benzoquinones
  • Emulsions
  • Antioxidants
  • Streptozocin
  • Oils, Volatile
  • carbopol 934P
  • Acrylates