Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) is a type of endoscopic intervention on the kidneys performed using a semi-rigid or flexible fiber optic endoscope. RIRS is recommended by national clinical guidelines for stone management sized up to 20 mm. However, like any other surgical intervention, RIRS is associated with the risk of complications. Complications affect the patients quality of life, and cause additional costs determined by prolonged hospital stay and subsequent treatment. This systematic review is devoted to the complications of RIRS, methods of their prevention and treatment, which should make possible to increase the effectiveness and safety of care for patients with urolithiasis.
Keywords: complications; fURS; flexible ureterorenoscopy; retrograde intrarenal surgery.