Respiratory syncytial virus: Characteristics, complications and mortality in immunocompetent versus immunocompromised hospitalized adults in Northern Denmark

Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2025 Feb;111(2):116605. doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116605. Epub 2024 Nov 15.

Abstract

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an increasingly well-known cause of severe respiratory symptoms in adults. We aimed to describe characteristics, complications and in-hospital mortality of adults admitted to hospital with RSV-related respiratory symptoms.

Methods: Data were collected from electronic health records in the North Denmark Region for hospitalized adults diagnosed with RSV between April 1st - December 31st 2021. We collected data on characteristics, complications and mortality. Results were compared between immunocompromised and -competent patients.

Results: We included 111 patients. Sixty-five percent had comorbidities and 20 % received immunosuppressive drugs. Fifty-three percent had bacterial pneumonia and 61 % needed oxygen support. Mortality was 12 %. There were no differences in complications between the compared groups.

Conclusion: Severe respiratory symptoms were frequent among RSV-patients. Bacterial co-infections were common in the study population and mortality was considerable, regardless of known immunosuppression, thus warranting thorough and early investigations in RSV-positive patients.

Keywords: Airway infection; Antimicrobial stewardship; Respiratory syncytial virus; Respiratory virus; Viral infection.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Coinfection / mortality
  • Coinfection / virology
  • Comorbidity
  • Denmark / epidemiology
  • Female
  • Hospital Mortality
  • Hospitalization* / statistics & numerical data
  • Humans
  • Immunocompetence
  • Immunocompromised Host*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections* / epidemiology
  • Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections* / mortality
  • Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human*
  • Retrospective Studies