Factors affecting the risk of trismus following maxillary ablative surgery comparing free flap reconstruction to prosthetic obturation: a retrospective observational study

Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2024 Dec;62(10):937-943. doi: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2024.09.005. Epub 2024 Sep 27.

Abstract

The reconstruction of post-ablative maxillary defects is controversial. It is accepted that quality of life indicators are poorer for maxillary reconstruction compared with mandibular reconstruction. One factor highlighted is that of post-treatment trismus. Rates of trismus are reviewed comparing free tissue transfer to that of prosthetic obturation. A retrospective review was undertaken comparing rates of trismus at twelve months post-surgery between free tissue transfer and prosthetic obturation. A total of 85 patients were identified who met the inclusion criteria. Both reconstruction techniques were significant for developing trismus, with a higher rate in the free flap reconstruction cohort than the prosthetic obturation cohort by a factor of 2.51. Modern reconstructive head and neck surgery has moved away from 'filling a hole' to a more bespoke, patient-specific reconstruction. The evidence presented here should allow the reconstructive surgeon to better discuss outcomes with patients when considering surgical options for Class II maxillary defects.

Keywords: Free Flaps; Obturator; reconstruction; trismus.

Publication types

  • Observational Study
  • Comparative Study

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Female
  • Free Tissue Flaps*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Maxilla / surgery
  • Middle Aged
  • Plastic Surgery Procedures* / adverse effects
  • Plastic Surgery Procedures* / methods
  • Postoperative Complications
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Factors
  • Trismus* / etiology