Concept Analysis of Psychosocial Distress Among African American and Latine Men Who Have Sex With Men: Implications for HIV Care

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study is to provide conceptual clarity on psychosocial distress among African American and Latine men who have sex with men living with human immunodeficiency virus.

Design: Concept analysis.

Methods: The 8-step Walker and Avant framework guided the concept analysis of psychosocial distress tailored to this patient population.

Data sources: A literature review was conducted using the research databases PubMed/Medline, PsycINFO, the Cumulated Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature and Scopus with the selected search terms.

Results: A total of 7 articles were retrieved and analysed to explicate the antecedents, attributes, and consequences of psychosocial distress in this population. Four cases were developed to further clarify the concept of psychosocial distress; a model case, borderline case, related case and contrary case.

Conclusion: As experienced by African American and Latine men who have sex with men living with human immunodeficiency virus, psychosocial distress is defined as a state of suffering due to uncontrollable structural and/or social factors that threaten the individual's existence and/or livelihood based on their social identity as a racial/ethnic, sexual minority.

Implications for the profession and/or patient care: The concept analysis of psychosocial distress can be useful to guide future theory and measurement development to enhance disease-specific and general health outcomes for sexual and racial/ethnic minoritised men who have sex with men.

Reporting method: Not applicable.

Patient or public contribution: No patient or public contribution.

Keywords: HIV; human immunodeficiency virus; men who have sex with men; psychosocial distress.